Skunkware 5/Skunkware 5.iso/man/cat.1/ispellfmt.1

Text File | 1995-07-26 | 9.3 KB | 265 lines

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     NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEE
          ispell - format of ispell dictionaries

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          Dictionaries for _i_s_p_e_l_l(1) come in two formats: raw, and
          unhashed.  The hashed dictionary is generated by _b_u_i_l_d_h_a_s_h
          (see _i_s_p_e_l_l(1)) from the raw dictionary, and is not
          described here.

          A raw _i_s_p_e_l_l dictionary (either the main dictionary or your
          own personal dictionary) contains a list of words, one per
          line.  Each word may optionally be followed by a slash ("/")
          and one or more flags, which modify the root word as
          explained below.  Case is significant in the root word, but
          ignored in the flags.  The dictionary does not need to be
          sorted.

          The case of the root word controls the case of words
          accepted by _i_s_p_e_l_l, as follows:

          (1)  If the root word appears only in lower case (e.g.,
               "bob"), it will be accepted in lower case, capitalized,
               or all capitals.

          (2)  If the root word appears capitalized (e.g., "Robert"),
               it will be not be accepted in all-lower case, but will
               be accepted capitalized or all in capitals.

          (3)  If the root word appears all in capitals (e.g.,
               "UNIX"), it will only be accepted all in capitals.

          (4)  If the root word appears with a "funny" capitalization
               (e.g., "ITCorp"), a word will be accepted only if it
               follows that capitalization, or if it appears all in
               capitals.

          (5)  More than one capitalization of a root word may appear
               in the dictionary.  Flags from different
               capitalizations are combined by OR-ing them together.

          Redundant capitalizations (e.g., "bob" and "Bob") will be
          combined by _b_u_i_l_d_h_a_s_h and by _i_s_p_e_l_l (for personal
          dictionaries), and can be removed from a raw dictionary by
          _m_u_n_c_h_l_i_s_t.

          For example, the dictionary:

               bob
               Robert
               UNIX
               ITcorp
               ITCorp



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          will accept "bob," "Bob," "BOB," "Robert," "ROBERT," "UNIX,"
          "ITcorp," "ITCorp," and "ITCORP," and will reject all
          others.  Some of the unacceptable forms are "bOb," "robert,"
          "Unix," and "ItCorp."

          As mentioned above, root words in any dictionary may be
          extended by flags.  Each flag is a single alphabetic
          character, which represents a suffix that may be added to
          the root to form a new word.  For example, the "D" flag can
          be added to "bathe" to make "bathed".  Since flags are
          represented as a single bit in the hashed dictionary, this
          results in significant space savings.  The _m_u_n_c_h_l_i_s_t script
          will reduce an existing raw dictionary by adding flags when
          possible.

          When a word is extended with a suffix, the suffix will be
          accepted only if it appears in the same case as the final
          letter of the word.  Thus, for example, the entry "UNIX/M"
          in the main dictionary ("M" means add an apostrophe and an
          "s" to make a possessive) would accept "UNIX'S" but would
          reject "UNIX's".  If "UNIX's" is legal, it must appear as a
          separate dictionary entry, and it will not be combined by
          _m_u_n_c_h_l_i_s_t.

          In the following discussion of the flags, let # and @ be
          "variables" that can stand for any letter.  Upper case
          letters are constants.  "..." stands for any string of zero
          or more letters, but note that no word may exist in the
          dictionary which is not at least 2 letters long, so, for
          example, "fly" may not be produced by placing the "Y" flag
          on "f".  Also, no flag is effective unless the word that it
          creates is at least 4 letters long, so, for example, "wed"
          may not be produced by placing the "D" flag on "we".

          The meaning of the flags is as follows:

          V
               ...e --> ...ive  as in create --> creative
               if # .ne. e, ...# --> ...#ive  as in prevent -->
                    preventive

          N
               ...e --> ...ion  as in create --> creation
               ...y --> ...ication  as in multiply --> multiplication
               if # .ne. e or y, ...# --> ...#en  as in fall -->
                    fallen

          X
               ...e --> ...ions  as in create --> creations
               ...y --> ...ications  as in multiply -->
                    multiplications
               if # .ne. e or y, ...# --> ...#ens  as in weak -->



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                    weakens

          H
               ...y --> ...ieth  as in twenty --> twentieth
               if # .ne. y, ...# --> ...#th  as in hundred -->
                    hundredth

          Y
               ... --> ...ly  as in quick --> quickly

          G
               ...e --> ...ing  as in file --> filing
               if # .ne. e, ...# --> ...#ing  as in cross --> crossing

          J
               ...e --> ...ings  as in file --> filings
               if # .ne. e, ...# --> ...#ings  as in cross -->
                    crossings

          D
               ...e --> ...ed  as in create --> created
               if @ .ne. a, e, i, o, or u, ...@y --> ...@ied  as in
                    imply --> implied
               if # .ne. e or y, or (# = y and @ = a, e, i, o, or u)
                    ...@# --> ...@#ed  as in cross --> crossed or
                    convey --> conveyed

          T
               ...e --> ...est  as in late --> latest
               if @ .ne. a, e, i, o, or u, ...@y --> ...@iest  as in
                    dirty --> dirtiest
               if # .ne. e or y, or (# = y and @ = a, e, i, o, or u)
                    ...@# --> ...@#est  as in small --> smallest or
                    gray --> grayest

          R
               ...e --> ...er  as in skate --> skater
               if @ .ne. a, e, i, o, or u, ...@y --> ...@ier  as in
                    multiply --> multiplier
               if # .ne. e or y, or (# = y and @ = a, e, i, o, or u)
                    ...@# --> ...@#er  as in build --> builder or
                    convey --> conveyer

          Z
               ...e --> ...ers  as in skate --> skaters
               if @ .ne. a, e, i, o, or u, ...@y --> ...@iers  as in
                    multiply --> multipliers
               if # .ne. e or y, or (# = y and @ = a, e, i, o, or u)
                    ...@# --> ...@#ers  as in build --> builders or
                    slay --> slayers

          S



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               if @ .ne. a, e, i, o, or u, ...@y --> ...@ies  as in
                    imply --> implies
               if # .eq. s, x, z, or h, ...# --> ...#es  as in fix -->
                    fixes
               if # .ne. s, x, z, h, or y, or (# = y and @ = a, e, i,
                    o, or u) ...@# --> ...@#s  as in bat --> bats or
                    convey --> conveys

          P
               if @ .ne. a, e, i, o, or u, ...@y --> ...@iness  as in
                    cloudy --> cloudiness
               if # .ne. y, or @ = a, e, i, o, or u, ...@# -->
                    ...@#ness  as in late --> lateness or gray -->
                    grayness

          M
               ... --> ...'s  as in dog --> dog's

          To summarize more briefly:

               V - ive
               N - ion, tion, en
               X - ions, ications, ens
               H - th, ieth
               Y - ly
               G - ing
               J - ings
               D - ed
               T - est
               R - er
               Z - ers
               S - s, es, ies
               P - ness, iness
               M - 's

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          ispell(1)


















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